THEOPHYLLINE TOXICITY, SPECIFIC INGESTION & TREATMENT :

 

THEOPHYLLINE  TOXICITY, SPECIFIC  INGESTION & TREATMENT :





THEOPHYLLINE :

Intro of  Drug :

  •        Theophylline occurs in tea and cocoa beans in trace amounts.

Available dosage forms:

  •   Liquid sustained-release tabs, caps & parenteral.

 Toxicokinetics:

·        Well absorbed Orally  Volume of distribution approx.0.5L/Kg

·        Hepatically metabolized

·        Clearance depends on age, disease states & interacting drugs.

Clinical Presentation:

·      a feeling of loathing 

·        Vomit

·     Convulsion

·        Cardiac Dysrhythmias

·        Chronic toxicity 

Laboratory Data:

A-    Theophylline levels: 5 to 20µg/ml

B-    Hyperglycemia and  Hypoglycemia: after  acute ingestion

C-    Other tests include: Serum Electrolytes,  BUN,  Creatinine, Hepatic Function, ECG Monitoring

Treatment:

1-Supportive Therapy:

·        Maintaining  airway

·        seizures Treatment 

·        Dysrhythmia Treatment 

2- Decontamination:  Syrup of Ipecac not Recommended

3-Activated Charcoal:

·        Repeated  doses to increase  Elimination

·        Whole-Bowl Irrigation (For sust. release)

·        Charcoal Hemoperfusion:  unstable patient  in status epileptics

·        Hemodialysis:  When hemoperfusion is unavailable

     4- β-Adrenergic Antagonists:

·        used to treat Hypotension, Tachycardia, Dysrhythmias 

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